Antimicrobial Agents — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: Penicillin _____ treats left-sided endocarditis caused by Strep viridans and Strep bovis

Answer: G

Flashcard 132: Alcohols and Chlorhexidine work by _____ proteins and disrupting cell membranes

Answer: denaturing

Flashcard 133: Chloramphenicol is used to treat _____ caused by Strep pneumoniae, H. influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis

Answer: meningitis

Flashcard 134: Treatment for Chlamydia includes _____ (first-line), azithromycin (alternative) and ceftriaxone for possible concurrent N. gonorrhoeae infection.

Answer: doxycycline

Extra: Per CDC 2021 guidelines, <b>Doxycycline</b> (100mg BID x 7 days) is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated chlamydial infections of the cervix, urethra, and rectum. <b>Azithromycin</b> (1g single dose) is now considered an alternative treatment.

Flashcard 135: Aminopenicillins (amoxicillin and ampicillin) can treat pneumonia caused by _____ and H. influenzae.

Answer: Strep pneumoniae

Flashcard 136: Specific indications for _____ include **RACE**: - **R**: Refractory aspergillosis - **A**: Azole-resistant Candida - **C**: Candidemia - **E**: Empiric treatment in a febrile, neutropenic patient

Answer: caspofungin

Flashcard 137: Diphyllobothrium latum is treated with _____ or niclosamide

Answer: praziquantel

Flashcard 138: Tetracyclines (e.g., Doxycycline) are the drug of choice for infections caused by _____ (Lyme disease).

Answer: Borrelia burgdorferi

Extra: Tetracyclines (particularly Doxycycline) are also the drug of choice for: - Rickettsial infections (e.g., Rocky Mountain spotted fever) - Chlamydia infections - Mycoplasma pneumoniae - Acne vulgaris - Vibrio cholerae

Flashcard 139: HCV can be treated with _____ and polymerase inhibitors (enzymes)

Answer: protease

Flashcard 140: When treating **Chlamydia trachomatis**, in which situations is **Azithromycin** preferred over Doxycycline? - Patients who are _____ - Treatment of Trachoma (Serotypes A-C) - Patients with expected poor compliance (due to single-dose regimen)

Answer: pregnant

Extra: CDC Guidelines Update: **Doxycycline** (100 mg BID for 7 days) is now the preferred first-line treatment for urogenital *Chlamydia trachomatis* (serotypes D-K). **Azithromycin** (1g single dose) is recommended as an alternative when compliance is a concern and remains the first-line treatment in **pregnancy**. *Chlamydia* serotypes: - **A-C**: Trachoma (Leading cause of preventable blindness) - **D-K**: Urogenital infections, Neonatal conjunctivitis/pneumonia - **L1-L3**: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)