Analgesics and Anti-inflammatory Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: One adverse effect of NSAIDs is _____ (GI) due to inhibition of COX-1

Answer: gastric ulcers

Flashcard 22: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is _____ by inflammation

Answer: induced

Flashcard 23: The two first-line xanthine oxidase inhibitors used for the treatment of chronic gout (especially in overproduction of uric acid) are _____ and febuxostat.

Answer: allopurinol

Extra: Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) are the first-line urate-lowering therapy (ULT) for chronic gout. They are effective for both overproducers and underexcretors of uric acid. 1. **Allopurinol**: The most commonly used first-line agent. 2. **Febuxostat**: A more potent, non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, used as an alternative if allopurinol is not tolerated or is contraindicated.

Flashcard 24: _____ and COX-2 are enzymes that produce prostanoids (e.g. prostaglandins)

Answer: COX-1

Flashcard 25: IL-4 is an _____inflammatory cytokine.

Answer: anti-

Flashcard 26: _____ is available as a nasal spray for use in painful conditions.

Answer: Butorphanol (Opioid)

Flashcard 27: Inhibitors of inflammation, such as _____, inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion to endothelium.

Answer: lipoxins

Flashcard 28: Aspirin at _____ doses acts by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) both

Answer: high

Flashcard 29: _____ is an urinary anesthetic, used as a local anesthetic in urinary tract disorders to relieve the pain of lower urinary-tract irritation

Answer: Phenazopyridine

Flashcard 30: _____ is indicated in recurring and persistent erythema nodosum leprosum lesions despite the completion of at least two courses of glucocorticoid therapy

Answer: Thalidomide