Neoplasia — Flashcards

Metastasis oncogenes such as _____ and TWIST encode transcription factors whose primary function is to promote epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

_____ is a malignant germ cell tumor composed of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and multinuclear syncytiotrophoblasts, but with absent villi

Following APC mutation (adenoma-carcinoma sequence), _____ mutations lead to polyp formation (adenoma)

Which immunohistochemical markers are seen in embryonal carcinoma?_____ and CD30

The two most important prognostic factors in colon cancer are the _____ and the presence of lymph node metastases.

_____ molecular subtype is a triple-negative breast cancer with low expression of E-cadherin and a poor prognosis.

A characteristic of the transformation from normal cells to dysplastic cells is that there is is an increased _____ to cytoplasmic ratio

_____ tumor is metastatic mucinous tumor that involves both ovaries; most commonly due to metastatic gastric carcinoma (diffuse type)

Tumor staging is based on _____ (c) or pathological (p) findings

Loss of copies of a tumor suppressor gene (knudson two-hit hypothesis) arise from _____ (inherited) or somatic (sporadic) mutations