Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus — Flashcards

Flashcard 131: There are _____ cardinal positions of gaze.

Answer: six

Flashcard 132: An 'A' pattern is considered significant when the difference in horizontal deviation between upgaze and downgaze is at least how many prism diopters?

Answer: 10 PD

Extra: In comparison, a 'V' pattern is considered significant when the difference is at least 15 prism diopters (PD).

Flashcard 133: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is usually _____ in pseudoglioma

Answer: lowered

Flashcard 134: In A or V pattern heterotropia, _____ muscle dysfunction is the commonest

Answer: oblique

Flashcard 135: A unilateral cataract is more dangerous than a bilateral cataract because the risk of _____ is greater.

Answer: amblyopia

Flashcard 136: What is the minimum difference in horizontal deviation between upgaze and downgaze required for a "V" pattern to be considered significant?

Answer: 15 prism diopters

Flashcard 137: Treatment for type 2 ROP is _____

Answer: observation for progression

Flashcard 138: _____ is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in children.

Answer: Retinoblastoma

Flashcard 139: _____ is the most common infectious cause of ophthalmia neonatorum.

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Flashcard 140: What is the ideal time for surgery in a unilateral dense congenital cataract (involving the visual axis)?

Answer: 4–6 weeks of age

Extra: For unilateral dense congenital cataracts, surgery is ideally performed between 4 and 6 weeks of age to minimize stimulus-deprivation amblyopia while reducing the risk of postoperative glaucoma (which is higher if surgery is performed within the first month of life). For bilateral dense cataracts, the recommended timing is within 8–10 weeks.