Gynecological Disorders — Flashcards

Flashcard 51: Which 2 bacteria are the most common causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?_____ (subacute; often undiagnosed); Neisseria gonorrhoeae (acute)

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Flashcard 52: _____ causes cervicitis described as a 'strawberry cervix' or colpitis macularis

Answer: Trichomonas vaginalis

Flashcard 53: Candida vulvovaginitis is common in patients with _____ and patients who use antibiotics and oral contraceptives

Answer: diabetes

Flashcard 54: The upper portion of the vagina is derived from the _____ duct (Mullerian duct)

Answer: paramesonephric

Flashcard 55: A functional cyst of size 5–10 cm should be followed up with _____ every 3 months while simultaneously checking her CA-125 levels

Answer: USG

Extra: Management of simple/functional ovarian cysts (premenopausal): - <5 cm: No follow-up needed. - 5–10 cm: Follow up with USG every 3 months and monitor CA-125 levels. - >10 cm: Usually requires surgical evaluation (cystectomy/oophorectomy) due to risk of torsion or malignancy. Note: CA-125 is often elevated in premenopausal women due to benign conditions (endometriosis, PID, etc.), so its specificity is lower.

Flashcard 56: _____ theory of metastasis states that embolization of menstrual fragments through vascular and lymphatic channels is the etiology of endometriosis

Answer: Halban's

Flashcard 57: Vaginal _____ is the focal persistence of columnar epithelium in the upper 1/3rd of the vagina

Answer: adenosis

Flashcard 58: The _____ theory of endometriosis states that undifferentiated peritoneal cells undergo transformation into endometrial tissue by the influence of endogenous factors.

Answer: Induction

Extra: The Induction theory is one of the major theories regarding the histogenesis of endometriosis. It is an extension of the coelomic metaplasia theory, proposing that endogenous factors (released from shed endometrium) trigger the transformation of undifferentiated peritoneal cells into endometrial tissue.

Flashcard 59: _____ or fringe hymen can easily distend during sexual intercourse without rupturing the hymen.

Answer: Ring

Flashcard 60: What is the best management for **flat condyloma** of the cervix (subclinical HPV infection)?

Answer: Reassurance and observation

Extra: Flat condyloma refers to a subclinical HPV infection, most commonly involving the cervix. These lesions have a high rate of spontaneous regression (up to 90%) and are typically managed with observation. **Important Distinctions:** 1. **Flat condyloma**: Subclinical HPV (Cervix) → Observation. 2. **Condyloma acuminata**: Warty/pointed lesions (HPV 6, 11) → Treatment (e.g., Podophyllin, cryotherapy, imiquimod). 3. **Condyloma lata**: Flat, moist, highly infectious lesions of secondary syphilis → Treatment (Penicillin G).