Epidemiology Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Epidemiology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Epidemiology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 61: _____ gave the web of causation theory
Answer: McMohan
Extra:
Flashcard 62: The demographic gap is minimum in _____ of the demographic cycle.
Answer: Stage 1 and Stage 4
Extra: The **demographic gap** is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.
- **Stage 1 (High stationary):** Both birth and death rates are high; the gap is minimum (near zero).
- **Stage 2 (Early expanding):** Death rate falls while birth rate remains high; the gap increases (maximum population growth).
- **Stage 3 (Late expanding):** Birth rate begins to fall; the gap starts to narrow.
- **Stage 4 (Low stationary):** Both birth and death rates are low; the gap is minimum (near zero).
- **Stage 5 (Declining):** Birth rate falls below the death rate; the gap becomes negative (population decline).
Flashcard 63: _____ is the unit of study in cohort study
Answer: individual
Extra:
Flashcard 64: prevalence rate of leprosy (NLEP 2022-23) is _____
Answer: 0.44/10,000
Extra: Elimination of leprosy is defined as a prevalence rate of < 1 per 10,000 population.
Flashcard 65: cyclical trend for measles in pre vaccination era was _____
Answer: 2-3 years
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Flashcard 66: de _____ survey method was based on where and when basis
Answer: facto
Extra:
Flashcard 67: Case fatality rate (CFR) formula
Answer: (Total deaths due to a disease / Total number of cases of the disease) × 100
Note: It is an example of a **proportion**.
Extra: CFR reflects the "killing power" of a disease and is a measure of disease severity/virulence.
CFR = 100 - Survival rate.
Flashcard 68: High false positives in a screening test are primarily due to:
Answer: Low specificity
Extra: In the context of screening, a test with low specificity will yield a high number of false positives.
Additionally, in a population with **low prevalence** of a disease, the **Positive Predictive Value (PPV)** decreases, meaning a higher proportion of the positive results obtained will be false positives.
Flashcard 69: epidemic tail phenomenon is seen in _____
Answer: cholera
Extra:
Flashcard 70: _____ studies help in validation of hypothesis
Answer: experimental and evidence based
Extra:
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