Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 121: rate is expressed in terms of _____

Answer: time

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Flashcard 122: example of propagative transmission

Answer: Plague bacilli in rat flea Yellow fever virus in Aedes mosquito

Extra: Biological transmission types: 1. Propagative: Multiplication only (e.g., Plague, Yellow fever) 2. Cyclo-developmental: Change in form only (e.g., Filariasis) 3. Cyclo-propagative: Both multiplication and change in form (e.g., Malaria)

Flashcard 123: _____ is defined as "All current cases (old & new) existing at a given point of time or over a period of time in a given population." It is of two types: 1. Point Prevalence → All current cases (old & new) of a specific disease existing at a given point of time (e.g. cases on 28th July 2017). 2. Period Prevalence → All current cases (old & new) of a specific disease existing during a given period of time (e.g. cases during the year 2016).

Answer: Prevalence

Flashcard 124: Dependency ratio formula

Answer: ((0–14 years) + (60+ years)) / (15–59 years) × 100

Extra: The dependency ratio is the ratio of the "dependent" population (children and elderly) to the "working-age" population. Note: International standards often use 15–64 years as working age and 65+ as elderly, but Indian Community Medicine (Park's textbook) traditionally uses 15–59 years and 60+ years.

Flashcard 125: demographic gift is seen from stage _____ onwards

Answer: 3

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Flashcard 126: _____ is the most essential criteria to establish causal relationship

Answer: temporality of association

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Flashcard 127: Kala-azar in India is mostly seen in the states of _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer: Bihar

Extra: Kala-azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is endemic in 4 states in India: Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh. Bihar accounts for the highest number of cases.

Flashcard 128: attrition means _____

Answer: patients lost that dont follow up

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Flashcard 129: This is the symbol of the _____

Answer: Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)

Extra: The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) was launched in November 2004 with support from the World Bank. It is a decentralized, IT-enabled system for surveillance of epidemic-prone diseases to monitor trends and respond to outbreaks through trained Rapid Response Teams (RRTs).

Flashcard 130: _____ study gives natural history of a disease

Answer: cohort

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