Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 101: Japanese encephalitis outbreak occurs every _____ years

Answer: 2-3

Flashcard 102: Indices for Surveillance of Aedes Mosquitoes (For Yellow Fever..): * Container Index = _____ \(\times\) _____ * House Index = _____ \(\times\) _____ * Breteau Index = _____ \(\times\) _____

Answer:  \(\frac {No.\ of\ containers\ showing\ breeding\ of\ Aedes\ larvae\ C+} {Total\ no.\ of\ containers\ surveyed\ C}\) 

Extra: y

Flashcard 103: _____ is the time between primary and secondary case

Answer: serial interval

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Flashcard 104: unit of study in ecological study design is

Answer: population * MCQ

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Flashcard 105: historical controls are used in _____ trials

Answer: non randomised uncontrolled

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Flashcard 106: cohort study determines _____ of a disease

Answer: incidence

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Flashcard 107: This is a _____ age pyramid seen in _____ countries.

Answer: broad belly

Extra: The "broad belly" (constrictive) age pyramid is characterized by a narrowing base (low birth rates) and a bulging middle section (aging population), typical of developed nations in the later stages of demographic transition.

Flashcard 108: Crude Death Rate (CDR) of India (SRS 2020) is _____

Answer: 6.0 per 1000 mid-year population

Flashcard 109: What is the formula for calculating the **Odds Ratio (OR)** using a standard 2x2 contingency table?

Answer: \(OR = \frac{\text{Odds of exposure in cases}}{\text{Odds of exposure in controls}} = \frac{a/c}{b/d} = \frac{ad}{bc}\) i.e. the odds of a certain exposure given an event (e.g. disease; a/c) vs the odds of exposure in the absence of that event (e.g. no disease; b/d)

Flashcard 110: The _____ is a major source of mortality indicators in India.

Answer: Sample Registration System (SRS)

Extra: The Sample Registration System (SRS) is a dual-record system in India that provides reliable annual estimates of birth rate, death rate, and other fertility and mortality indicators (like IMR and MMR).