Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ studies are useful for measuring odds ratio (OR)

Answer: Case-control

Flashcard 2: _____ is defined as the proportion of clinical cases resulting in severe clinical manifestations, including death.

Answer: Virulence

Flashcard 3: CIR = (_____)/(# of people at risk for same time period) that gives you a measure of average risk

Answer: # of new cases for a specific time period

Flashcard 4: Procedure bias is an error introduced in _____ that results from different groups being treated differently

Answer: performing the study

Flashcard 5: Confounding Bias can be reduced by RANDOMIZATION, but other important interventions include:- _____ of exposure groups- crossover studies- restriction of characteristics- multiple / repeated studies

Answer: Matching / Stratification

Flashcard 6: Selection bias is an error introduced in _____ that occurs due to a nonrandom sampling or treatment allocation of subjects

Answer: recruiting participants

Flashcard 7: Measurement bias is an error introduced while _____ where information is gathered in a systemically distorted manner

Answer: performing the study

Flashcard 8: Excluding skin cancer, which of the listed three demographics count the incidence of the following cancers as their top 3 most common in the United States? _____

Answer: Children

Flashcard 9: Validity of a Screening Test: No answer _____

Answer: :)

Flashcard 10: nested case control is a type of _____

Answer: cohort study

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